
We now have three years of data collected by the BioBasis programme. Generally, there is a high consistency in data collected during the three years indicating that the data and the procedures used are reliable and sound. The year 2010 had a very early melt off. A preliminary review of data related to flowering and plant reproductive phenology indicate that 2010 was characterised by early flowering.
The general pattern is that greening of vegetation as measured by Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) starts as soon as the snow has melted in the beginning of June with a peak in greenness during mid-summer (20 July-5 August) followed by a gradual decrease in greenness until the frost sets in during autumn. There are exceptions to this pattern: In snow patches, greening increases through the complete growing season, and Loiseleuria procumbens, Silene acaulis, and Empetrum nigrum plots have more or less constant greenness through the complete snow free season. Monitoring of Salix glauca and Eriophorum angustifolium is especially useful for studying the greening process through the season while monitoring of the evergreen Empetrum plots and the Silene and Loiseleuria plots with sparse vegetation cover are most relevant for monitoring at a longer time perspective.
Measurements of the land-atmosphere exchange of CO2 (using the closed chamber technique), soil temperature, soil moisture and phenology of S. glauca have been conducted weekly during June-September since 2008. All plots generally functioned as sinks for atmospheric CO2 at the time of measurements, as NEE was generally negative. In May, September and October, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) fluxes were close to zero. Similar to both 2008 and 2009, the net CO2 uptake was generally higher in C plots compared with T and S plots. The ecosystem respiration showed a constant pattern of higher emissions in T plots compared with other treatments, which can be explained by warmer and drier conditions leading to increased respiration rates.
Permanent plots for studying lichens, bryophytes, and fungi (basidiomycetes) were established in the monitoring area in 2010.All four arthropod pitfall-trap stations established in 2007 and two window trap stations established in 2010 were open during the 2010 season. The material is stored in 70 % ethanol at Aarhus University. Sorting follows a scheme giving time series as quickly as possible.
Three samplings of microarthropods in Kobbefjord took place in the beginning of June, August and September, respectively. Each sampling consists of two sampling occasions one week apart. The collected microarthropod data enables an identification of key community species.
The most common bird species were snow bunting and Lapland bunting with approximately 45 territories all together. Several territories of northern wheatear were observed and twice the number of redpolls compared to 2009. This indicates that the different species indeed have a slightly different timing of territorial behaviour. Although the total amount of singing males differs between the two surveys, the distribution between the species is approximately the same. As this year had an early melt off, we may have been a little late with the survey.
Lake ecology is studied in two lakes: Badesø (with fish) and Qassi-sø (without fish). Nutrient levels are generally low in the two lakes. When comparing water temperature data logged at 2 m depth in Badesø in 2008 and 2010, a clear difference emerges. In 2010, warming started earlier and the lakes were generally warmer throughout spring and early summer than in 2008. This led to early ice melt (ice free 20 May) and a prolonged growing season. Nutrient levels are generally very low in both lakes, but particularly total nitrogen (TN) is very variable, ranging from 0.04 to 0.14 mg l-1 in Badesø and from 0.03 to 0.15 mg l-1 in Qassi-sø. Chlorophyll a varied notably between the years of sampling, but compared to more nutrient rich lakes the variation remains within a very narrow range due to the low nutrient levels. Over the three year period chlorophyll a concentration increased in both Badesø and Qassi-sø.